SOME test-taking tips to boost your grades this semester

School is back. Students, we know what you’re feeling. It’s a mixture of excitement, not so much excitement, and dread. But with the right study skills in place, you can step into the year with confidence.

Over the next few weeks, we’ll keep throwing some tips your way to help you get back into the swing of things. Today, give these simple test-taking tips a shot to boost those grades.

1. Flip the script

One simple way you can improve test scores is to change the experience by changing the story. We’ve written about this here, but it’s so important that we’ve decided to remind our readers of it. Students who go into tests with anxiety tend to do worse than those who go in with excitement.

But here’s the great thing about this test-taking tip: the physical experience is essentially identical. The difference is not a physical one, it’s a mental one.

Tell yourself a different story. Tell yourself you’re excited. Choose to be excited about conquering the test in front of you, and you’ll find that you really will conquer it.

2. Use a sheet of scratch paper(or a rough book) every chance you get

Scratch paper can be incredibly helpful is you use it the right way. So what is that “right way”?

Scratch paper is basically an easy way to make those thoughts that are swirling around in your head visual and concrete. Too frequently students attempt to answer the test questions without ever getting their thoughts down on paper. They remain abstract, floating concepts that aren’t really connected.

If you ever hit test question that you’re not sure how to answer immediately (which, for me, is just about every single test), always start with what you do know. Get those things out there on your piece of scratch paper.

Once the related ideas are out of your head, you can usually do a better job of figuring out the correct answer.

3. Connect, relate, expantiate

You can count these as five tips or three tips. It doesn’t really matter to us. All that really matters is that you know one of the really, really, really important test-taking tips is that you need to connect everything. Most of the time students hit test-taking troubles because they have learned loads of information, but they haven’t connected these ideas together.

Your memory works by connection. Do not short-circuit it by memorizing tons of info in isolated chunks. If you know how every idea you’re learning connects to every other idea, you’ll likely find answering test questions to be much, much easier.

choose to Fail at home, not in class

You will miss test questions. It’s inevitable.

Just choose to miss them at home, not on the test. Quiz yourself a lot.

If you haven’t quizzed yourself enough, you’ll miss easy questions on your test. If you’ve prepped by quizzing a bunch, you’ll probably nail most of the test super easily. I know you’re probably thinking, “It can’t be that easy!” But it can. Give it a shot.

What test-taking tips would you add? We’d love to hear them on social media!

Here’s the situation. Some students think they can learn effectively by just absorbing info as it hits them in the face, a kind of a “learning-by-osmosis”.

But that’s totally false. Learning doesn’t work like that. You can’t learn calculus like you catch a cold. You have to do more than just be in the same room as people learning calculus.

As a part of this learning experience, a really helpful thing to consider is whether or not you’re highly kinesthetic. Dr. Richard Felder has demonstrated that everyone takes information in through movement; we’re all kinesthetic learners to a certain extent. But there are some signs that you might be a highly kinesthetic learner.

If this is the case, you’ll want to make sure that you’re processing information with movement. It will go much better for you.

Few evidence to prove you are a  Kinesthetic Learner

1. Your knee is bouncing constantly — in fact, it is doing so right now.
2. You regularly kick a soccer ball, or toss a baseball, or spin a basketball on your finger while having a conversation.
3. You have ever grossed out your own family by cracking your knuckles too much.
4. You talk with your hands… always.
5. You pace when you really need to cram for a test.
6. You mime things to boost your memory (or maybe you’re just a mime — and that’s really unique).
7. You have gotten in trouble more than twice for tapping your pencil on your desk or clicking your pen… in the same class period.
8. You think best when you’re exercising.
9. You remember your notes best when you’ve written them down with your hand rather than typing them out.
10. You touch everything you pass in a store without thinking about it. Seriously. Everything. Why? Because you’re a kinesthetic learner..

The more highly kinesthetic a learner you are, the more important it is that you move while you learn. This doesn’t mean do ballet in Chemistry lab. Just plain ol’ note-taking often does the trick.

Are you a kinesthetic learner? If so, we’d love to hear your tips in the comment box

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aem303 - AGRARIAN INSTITUTIONS AND THEIR MANAGEMENT past question(noun)

Answer Compulsory question 1 (30 marks) and any 4 questions (10 marks each). 

1a. i. What do you understand by economic and technical cooperation among developing countries? (3marks) ii. Identify at least four (4) actions to be taken for effective cooperation among government of developing countries. (5marks). b. i. what is land management system? (1mark) ii. Discuss briefly on the following factors of production: land, labour and capital as they affect land management system. (12marks) c. i. Describe the modern agricultural scenario. (5 marks) ii. What is the relationship between agricultural development and rural development? (4marks). 

2. Explain at least five (5) different types of wage labour commonly found in your locality. (10marks) 

3. Discuss briefly the historical processes of rural development in Nigeria (10marks). 

4a. Mention the four major areas of concern for effective agrarian reform and rural development (4marks). b. State at least three actions required for development assistance in agrarian reform and development (6marks). 

5. Discuss briefly the relationship that exists between the regional centre on agrarian reform and rural development and other organizations and agencies (10marks) 6. What are the five (5) roles played by the regional centre on agrarian reform and rural development? (10marks) 7a. Give four reasons why traditional approaches to poverty alleviation through rural development fail in Nigeria. (4marks) b. Outline the roles played by IFAD towards Agricultural sector in Nigeria (6marks)

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INSTRUCTION: Answer question one (1) Compulsory (25marks) and any other 3 questions (15marks each). 

 Question 1

 ai. What is Capital? (2marks) ii. List six (6) sources of capital (3marks)

 b. Discuss how agricultural economics and Farm Management are related. (4marks) 

c. Outline five factors affecting the productivity of land in Nigeria. (5marks) 

d. Give five advantages of keeping farm records and accounts (5marks). 

e. Give three reasons why sole proprietorship is a popular form of business ownership among Nigerian farmers? (3marks). 

f. State three (3) ways on how agriculture in Nigeria can be improved (3 marks) 

Question 2 a. Explain why farm management is regarded as science and why it is not regarded as science. (5marks) b. Discuss five main features of sole proprietorship. (10marks) Question

 3 a. Explain: (i) risk and (ii) uncertainty (5marks) b. Mention and discuss four (4) major characteristics of Nigerian agriculture. (10 marks) Question 

4 a. Mention and discuss five basic principle of farm management (10marks). b. Explain the term Land Cost (5marks) 

Question 5 

a. Explain the following concepts: i. The law of diminishing returns (2marks) ii. Principle of substitution (2marks) iii. opportunity Cost (2marks) iv. diversification (2marks) and v. specialization (2marks). 

b. Differentiate between a Business and an Enterprise (5 marks) Question

 6 a. Discuss five (5) factors affecting labour efficiency (10marks) 

b. Briefly discuss overhead cost (5marks)

 INSTRUCTION: Answer compulsory question 1 (25 marks) and any other 3 questions (15 marks each). 

1a. What are farm records? (3marks) b. Explain the basic principles of record keeping (10marks) c. Discuss the three basic types of farm records (12marks) 

2a. Distinguish between Record keeping and Record Analysis (6marks) 

b. Discuss the use of the hand system and the computer system as methods of developing and keeping farm records. (9marks) 

3a. What are the various tools for the analysis of Farm records (5marks)

 b. Explain the use of Balance sheet as a tool (10marks) 

4. Discuss the following tools of Financial Analysis (15marks)

 a. Current Ratio (5marks) 

b. Debt to Asset Ratio (Solvency) (5marks) c. Earned Financial Progress (Profitability) (5marks) 

5a Discuss the use of computer in record keeping (10marks) 

b. What are the Key features of the computerized system? (5marks) 

6a. Distinguish between Book keeping and Accounting (6marks) 

b. Explain the various books used for book keeping (9marks)\

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 Answer Compulsory question 1 (30 marks) and any four questions (10 marks each) 

1 (a) i) Who is a farm manager? (2mks) ii) State four(4) attributes of a farm manager (4mks) iii) Outline four(4) requirements for an effective control system in managerial function of a farm manager.(4mks) (b) Explain the following: i) Farm management (2mks) ii) Budgeting (2mks) iii) A farmer budget. (2mks) iv) Economics in terms of resources allocation (2mks) v) Farm production records. (2mks) c) i) Define a complete budget. (2mks) ii) State four (4) advantages of a complete budget to farmers (8mks) 

2. a) State two (2) perceptions of farm management (4marks) b) Outline the researchers perspectives of farm management (2mks) c) Explain the following: i) Farm organization. (2mks) ii) Farm operations. (2mks) 

3. a) Discuss farm as a productive sub-system. b) Outline the specific objectives of farm management. 

4. a) Explain the dynamic nature of farm management decision. b) Outline the factors that can cause changes to the plan of a farm manager. 

5. a) State the basic farm management decision making questions. (4 marks) b) Explain what you will do when you as a farm manager are faced with the question of “how much to produce”. (6 marks) 

6. a) Explain the general principles that may serve as guidelines when planning the layout of the farm. b) State five (5) factors a decision-maker should consider in selecting a farm. 

7. a) Mention seven (7) advantages of budgeting. b) State three (3) limitations of Budgeting.

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 INSTRUCTION: Answer compulsory question 1 (25 marks) and any other 3 questions (15 marks each). 

1.(a)What are farm records? (5 mks) (b) List and Discuss the basic types of Farm Records that you know (12 mks) (c) Define Farm Record keeping and its composition (5 mks) (d) What is Farm Record Analysis (3 mks) 

2(a).State the Methods used to develop Farm Records (2 mks) (b) Discuss in detail, the methods mentioned in 2a (5 mks) (c) Discuss 4 principles of Record Keeping (8 mks) 

3.(a) Compare and contrast Hand System and Computerized System of record keeping. (8 mks) (b) Why is accuracy needed for farm records? (3 mks) (c) Write short notes on Current Ratio (4 mks) 

4.(a) What is Income Statement? (5 mks) (b) Discuss any two of the financial ratios derived from it (10 mks) 

5.(a) What do you understand by the double entry system of book keeping? (5 mks) (b) What are the objective(s) of the system? (5 mks) (c ) Explain what a ledger is. (5 mks)

 6(a) What is depreciation? (5 mks) (b) List any 5 methods of calculating depreciation (5 mks) (c ) Outline any 2 advantages and 3 disadvantages of any of the methods mentioned above

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 Instruction: Answer compulsory question one (1) (30 marks) and any other four (4) Questions (10marks each). 

1(a) How would you establish with five (5) instances that there is existing relationships between marketing and production? (7 1 /2marks) (b) Discuss five (5) services available to international business man in EPZ. (7 1 /2marks) (c) How would you justify using five (5) reasons each the meaning of: (i) Exchange commodity market. (7 1 /2marks) (ii) Spot market. (7 1 /2marks) 

2a). How would you establish using five (5) reasons that agricultural marketing evolved from a series of exchange systems? (5marks) (b) Appraise using five (5) instances the meaning of agricultural marketing. (5marks). 

3(a) The Central Bank Of Nigeria (CBN) is faced with a number of the problems in the Nigerian financial sector. Itemize these problems using five (5) instances. (5marks). (b) How would you establish using five instances the history of commodity exchange in Nigeria? (5marks) 

4a). The International trade is underlined by certain assumptions. Itemize these underlying assumptions using five (5) cases. (5marks). b. How can you explain what parity price is all about using five (5) instances? (5marks) 

5. Mention and discuss the two important types of agricultural price variations. (10marks) 6(a).What factors affect the supply of agricultural commodities in Nigeria? (6marks) (b) What does elasticity of demand for food mean? (5marks) 

7. There are certain inherent characteristics of farm products which make special demand on marketing systems and organizations. Analyze the attributes. (10marks) .

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 Course Title: Agricultural Production Economics Course code: AEA303 Credit Unit: 2 Time Allowed: 2 Hours INSTRUCTION: Answer Compulsory question 1 (25 marks) and any 3 other questions (15 marks each). 

 1. a. i) Give a concise definition of Agricultural economics ii) Explain the scope of Agricultural economics. iii) State six (6) uses of economics in Agriculture. b. State two (2) major goals of production economics. c. Highlight the meaning of Agricultural production economics. 

 2 a. What are the four (4) main goals of Agricultural production economics? b. What is the meaning of production? c. Explain the following types of production: i. Primary production ii. Secondary production iii. Tertiary production 

3 a. Enumerate the following factors of production: i) Land ii) Capital iii) Labour iv) Entrepreneur b. Define: i) Resources; ii) Fixed Resources: iii) Variable Resources iv) Flow Resources: v) Stock Resources:

 4 a. Define Productivity. b. List three (3) ways of expressing efficiency . c. List seven (7) characteristic features of agricultural production. 

5. a. Define Production function. b. State the algebraic expression of production function c. Highlight the uses of production function as indicated by Olayide and Heady (1982) 

6. a. State three (3) needs of production function data. b. State how to obtain data needed for production function c. Highlight three (3) usefulness of tabular presentation of production function

 Instruction: Answer compulsory question one (1) (30 marks) and any other four (4) Questions (10marks each) 

1. You have been appointed to be the Commissioner of Agriculture in your state. You are to write out a speech in favour of government subsidizing credit and inputs of agriculture. Write out your speech using six (6) instances (30marks). 

2. Justify using ten (10) instances the necessity for financial intermediaries in agriculture finance in developing countries (10marks). 

3. A classification of credit according to purpose brings out the close relationship between time and purpose. Appraise the purpose classification of credit on the basis of: a. Production loans (short- and intermediate-term loans) (3marks) b. Real estate loans (long-term loans) (3marks) c. Farmer cooperative borrowing (4marks) 

4. Agricultural loan delinquency is common among farmers in developing nations including Nigeria. Assess ten (10) causes of loan delinquency (10marks). 5. Small holder farmers are often confronted with a number of risk and uncertainty in carrying out their agricultural production activities. Justify this statement using four (4) instances (10marks). 

6. Discuss the three (3) major methods involved in capital budgeting of an agricultural enterprise (10marks). 7a. What is the principal that will amount to N32,220.00 in 5 years at 10%? Given the formula: A = P (1 + r)n Where A = N32,220 n = 5 years r = 10% (4marks) b. What will be the amount receivable if a farmer invested N10,000.00 on a farm implement for 5 years at 10% compound interest? (6marks)

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2. a. State any two definitions of pest and state 5 categories of it (9 marks) b. List and briefly discuss 3 general control measures of crop pests (6 marks) 3. a. Briefly explain 5 important pests of Cereal Crops (10 marks) b. Describe Boring insects (5 marks) 

4. a. Discuss the following plant diseases (15 marks) i. Rust ii. Smuts iii. Rice blast 5. Discuss five 5 damages caused by storage pests (15 marks) 

6. Briefly explain the following categories of plant diseases (15 marks) i. Endemic diseases ii. Epidemic or epiphytotic diseases iii. Infectious and non – infectious diseases

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 COURSE TITLE: PERMANENT CROP PRODUCTION COURSE CODE: ACP303 TOTAL SCORE: 70 MARKS TIME ALLOWED: 3 hours INSTRUCTION: Answer compulsory question 1 (25marks) and any THREE questions (15 marks each)

QUESTION 1 COCOA a) Discuss Black pod and Swollen shoot diseases of cocoa, and outline their causal agents and mode of transmission. Black pod (8 marks) Cocoa Swollen Disease (9 marks) b) Describe the steps for establishing cocoa plantation. (8 marks) Total marks Obtainable = 25 marks QUESTION 2 COFFEE a) List any two common diseases of coffee, and outline their causal agents and Symptoms of transmission. (12 marks) b) Describe optimum environmental requirement for coffee production. (3 marks) Total marks Obtainable = 15 marks 

QUESTION 3 KOLA NUT a) List any two common diseases of Kola nut, and outline their causal agents and mode of transmission and symptoms. (5 marks) b) Describe the required climate and soil for choosing a site for Kola nut production (5 marks) c) Write a short descriptive note on the botany/morphology of Kola nut. (5 marks) Total mark Obtainable = 15 marks 

QUESTION 4 Oil Palm) a) Write a short note on the field establishment (Soil, Climate and Field practices) of oil palm. (10 marks) b) List any four insect pests of oil palm and state damages they can do. (2 marks) c) List Economic importance of oil palm. (3 marks) 

Question 5 (a) Write a short note on field establishment (including soil & climate) of rubber. b) List any five diseases of rubber. C) State the advantages of vegetative propagation of rubber. (15 marks) 

Question 6 a) i) Describe the methods of weeding in oil palm. (2 marks) (ii) List the Quality indices of oil palm. (1 ½ marks) (iii) List evidence of readiness for harvest in oil palm. (1 ½ marks) b) Explain Sterilization in oil palm processing (5 marks) c) List any 5 implements used in production and harvesting of permanent crops. (5 marks)\

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NOTE:  THESE QUESTION ARE PAST QUESTIONS AND DO NOT REPRESENT THE ACTAUL QUESTION YOU MAY BE ASKED  YOUR FORTH COMING EXAMS

 EXAMINATION: 2020_1 POP EXAMINATION. COURSE CODE: ACP301 COURSE TITLE: ARABLE CROP PRODUTION (2CU) INSTRUCTION: ANSWER QUESTION

QUESTIONs

1. a. (i) What is the botanical name (classification) for Sorghum. (2 marks) (ii) List any 2 varieties of Sorghum. (2marks) b. Discuss the establishment/cultivation of Sorghum (6 marks) c. (i) List 2 modification (morphological) that enables Sorghum dispense natural resistance to pests. (2 marks) (ii) List any 4 genetically acquired traits that enables Sorghum resist moisture stress and wind damage. (4 marks) d) Discuss the Deficiency symptoms of (i) Nitrogen (ii) phosphorus (iii) potassium in sorghum. 9 marks (3 for each) 

2. a. Give a general classification of millet by giving the common name, Genus, Species. (3 marks) b. Discuss the husbandry and cultivation of millet. (6 marks) c. List 3 pests and 2 diseases of millet. (4 marks for pests) (2 marks for diseases) 

3. a. Give a general classification of rice by affording the Genus, species, Hausa, Igbo & Yoruba (2 mark) b. List any 3 varieties of rice each under (i) upland (3 marks) (ii) Shallow Swamp Variety (3 marks) (iii) Swamp varieties. (3 marks) c. Discuss the climatic and soil requirement of rice. (4 marks) 

 4. a. Describe cowpea by giving the (i) Genus, (ii) Species and 3 native names (Igbo, Hausa and Yoruba). (2marks) b. Discuss the husbandry and establishment of cowpea. (5 marks) c. (i) Write a short note on the botany of cowpea. (6 marks) (ii) List any five varieties of cowpea (2 marks) 

 5. a. Describe groundnut by giving the Genus, Specie and 3 Local/Native names. (2 marks) b. (i) Write a short note on the botany of groundnut. (10 marks) (ii) List any Five (5) varieties of groundnut (3 marks) 

 6. a. Describe soybean by providing (i) Family name (ii) Genus (iii) Species (iv) the centre of origin (v) Protein content 5 marks b. Discuss the establishment and husbandry of soybean. (5 marks) c. List five products that can be obtained from soybean. (5 marks)

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These days Students need more than just academic skills.

There are multiple frameworks by a variety of organizations who are thinking about this. We’re not the experts here. But based on the work done by the experts, let’s just say we’re confident in this reality. Twenty-First Century students need more than just “reading, writing, and ‘rithmetic.”

Students will find that soft skills are more important thanbefore.

You might argue that soft skills have always been incredibly important. This is a huge reason we focus so much on study skills (which are definitely in the soft skills category).

One company’s VP over recruitment recently told a group of job-seekers that the top 4 skills he saw that led to success in a high-pressure workplace included: “Planning and preparation” (basically your organization strategies), “Flexibility” (ability to adapt to multiple situations), “Breaks” (a key part of a comprehensive productivity strategy), and “Emotional Intelligence” (not a study skill, clearly; but still important in that ‘soft skills’ category).

Students will find that it isn’t just one study skill, but study skill areas, that matter most.

There are no magic bullets to study skills. No student just learned how to take handwritten notes and suddenly — BAM! — straight ‘A’s all the way. Academic success doesn’t really work like that.

Instead, we say students need proficiency in 3 big areas.

First, organization skills.

Eventually every student hopes to get a job with their education (well, every student’s parents hope that, anywho). Without quality organizational skills, no one will be able to get work done as quickly as it needs to be done. Things get lost. Co-workers get frustrated. And people get fired.

Students, now is the time to hone those organization skills.

Second, academic skills.

This has to do with how fast and effectively a student can learn. The world is changing quickly. If you don’t believe me (I’m sure you do), go find a telephone from 10 years ago. That’s all the proof you should need.

When change is so constant, students have to be able to flex, to adapt, and to learn. That’s what 21st Century Study Skills are all about, actually. Learning how to learn.

Third, a well-defined, internal motivation.

Is this a skill? We include it. It’s of serious importance. Internal drive will outlast parental or educator desires for a student every time. You can motivate them for a bit, sure. But long-term success will be almost entirely dependent upon your student’s personal motivation.

This tends to fall into the category of “easier than it sounds.” It’s a bit like my Baylor Bears football team. If you’re familiar with Baylor, we’re doing well right now in football. But, when I was at Baylor (and for multiple decades), that wasn’t the case. I had a front row seat to teams putting 60+ points on us… and our beloved team scoring a big, fat “0”. (Even if you hate sports, surely you can understand that isn’t a good score.)

Now imagine if during the halftime speech of one of those 63-0 blowouts, the coach had just said something to the effect of, “PLAY BETTER!!”

Sure, that much is clear. But HOW do you actually do this? The same question hits us with study skills — sure, we need to study better, but HOW? Check out these 4 tips for a starting point on how students can improve their 21st century study skills.

 build Organization Skills

Organization isn’t everything. But it’s pretty important. We like the analogy of the ski lift. Does a ski lift help you ski? No. But it can help you get to skiing a lot faster.

Organization doesn’t help a student learn more, but it helps eliminate all the junk that keeps them from learning more. Students, if you’re in need of some organization skills, invest the time to work on them.

building Academic Skills

By “academic skills” we mean the actual study skills themselves. How do you learn? What are you doing in class? When some information hits you in the face, does it stick? You know, that kind of stuff. Find an area to work on, and then do it.

building your intrinsic motivation

Students, your parents can’t succeed for you. They also aren’t the ones who will ultimately have to experience the results of your academic success… or your missed opportunities.

If you don’t know where to start, try thinking through what you really want out of life. No one is going to get it for you. No one is going to make you earn it. But — if you know for what you want your life to count — you have all the opportunity you need in your education.

4. Focus on one skill at a time

Let’s not get crazy here. Don’t think we’re asking you to drop everything and change your entire life. Just pick one area. Invest a little each day. In the long run, you’ll find it’s worth it.

As a side-note, here’s a short video that will explain why we recommend students focus on these areas.